Publikationen - Fraunhofer IKTS

Oxide Ceramics Group

Published Work on

Powder synthesis & characterization, powder effects in processing
Porous Oxide Ceramics / Fiber Composites / Dense and Porous Oxide Coatings
Dense Sintered Opaque Alumina Ceramics
Transparent Ceramics
Transformation Toughened Ceramics: ZrO₂ toughened alumina and ceramics on the basis of ZrO₂
Carbide Reinforced Oxide Ceramics
Hardness: Measuring methods
Surfaces, Wear, Technical Performance of Ceramics for Tools and Ballistic Protection
Grain Boundaries, Subcritical Crack Growth, Residual Stress Relaxation and Grain Boundary Damage
Fracture Processes: Investigations by photon emission, acoustic emission, toughness measurements
High Temperature Behaviour of Ceramics, Composites for High Temperature Applications
Contributions to books (other than proceedings)

Powder Synthesis & Characterization, Powder Effects in Processing

A. Krell, G. Sickert
Influence of transitional alumina phases in corundum powders on processing, sintering behaviour, and mechanical properties of sintered products (in German)
Silikattechnik 35 (1984) 204

U. Stahlberg, G. Sickert, A. Krell, A. Behr
Control of trace impurities in alumina powders and in the sintered corundum products by mass spectroscopy (in German)
Silikattechnik 37 (1986) 420

A. Krell, P. Blank
Tailored oxide powders to produce strengthened Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ceramics with high TiC contents
pp. 545-549 in: F. Aldinger (Hrsg.), Materials by Powder Technoloy - PTM '93, Proc. Int. Conf. Dresden 23.-26.3.1993, Verlag DGM-Informationsgesellschaft, Oberursel 1993.

A. Krell, P. Blank
The influence of shaping method on the grain size dependence of strength in dense submicrometre alumina
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 16 (1996) 11, 1189-1200.

L.-M. Berger, A. Krell, P. Blank, W. Gruner, H. Preiss
Synthesis and Application of Cubic Ti(C,O,N) Phases
Europ. Conf. on Advances in Hard Materials Production, Turin (Italy), Nov. 8-10 1999.

A. Krell, H. Ma
Nanocorundum - Advanced Synthesis and Processing
NanoStructured Mater. 11 (1999) 8, 1141-1153.

H. Ma, A. Krell
Synthesis and Processing of Nano-a-Al₂O₃ Powders
pp. 43-46 in: Proc. 7th Conf. Europ. Ceram. Soc. (Brugge/Belgium, 9-13 Sept. 2001), Key Eng. Mater. 206-213 (2002) 1, Trans Tech Publications, Zuerich (Switzerland), 2002.

W. Burger, A. Krell, D. Stock, L. Claes
Direct Coagulation Casting and Gel-Casting: Two innovative Ceramic Forming Technologies
275-281 in: G. Müller (ed.), Ceramics-Processing, Reliability, Tribology and Wear (EUROMAT 99 - Vol. 12), Wiley-VCH, 2000.

H. Ma, A. Krell, F. Buse
Nano-Corundum, Synthesis and use for filtration membranes, catalysts, wear-resistant coatings and sensors (Nano-Korund - Synthese und Anwendung für Filtrationsmembranen, Katalysatorträger, Verschleißschutz und Sensoren - in German)
Chemie - Ingenieur - Technik 73 (2001) 1/2, 93-97

A. Krell, H.-W. Ma, P. Blank, T. Hutzler, M. Nebelung
Processing and applications of nanoscale Al₂O₃ powders for use in compact dense components, ceramic coatings, and in porous membranes and substrates (in German)
Fortschrittsber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 17 (2002) 1, 148-157
(Symp. "Verarbeitung von Feinst- und Nanopulvern"; Erlangen, 4.-5.12.2001)

M. Nebelung, A. Krell
Manufacture of grinding balls from submicron powders (in German)
Fortschrittsber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 17 (2002) 1, 84-90
(Symp. "Verarbeitung von Feinst- und Nanopulvern"; Erlangen, 4.-5.12.2001)
pp. 1-15 in: J. Kriegesmann (ed.), Technische Keramische Werkstoffe, Part 3.3.1.2.2 – 77th Supplement, Fachverlag Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst, Köln, 2003

A. Krell, H.-W. Ma
Sintering Transparent and Other Sub-µm Alumina: The Right Powder
cfi / Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 80 (2003) 4, E41-E45

A. Krell, P. Blank, H.-W. Ma, T. Hutzler, M. Nebelung
Processing of High-Density Submicrometer Al₂O₃ for New Applications
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 (2003) 4, 546-553

A. Krell, K. Waetzig, J. Klimke
Influence of the structure of MgO·nAl₂O₃ spinel lattices on transparent ceramics processing and properties
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 32 (2012) 11, 2887-2898

A. Krell, E. Brendler
Influences of Cation Disorder in Commercial Spinel Powders Studied by ²⁷Al MAS NMR on the Sintering of Transparent MgAl₂O₄Ceramics
J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. 4 (2013) 2, 51-57

Porous Oxide Ceramics / Fiber Composites / Dense and Porous Oxide Coatings

H. Ma, A. Krell, F. Buse
Corundum ceramics (a-Al₂O₃) with tunable pore sizes in the range between 10 and 60 nm (in German)
Jahrestagung der Dt. Keram. Ges. (Freiberg/Sa., 5.-7.10.99), Kurzreferate, 78-80

A. Krell, H.-W. Ma
Nano-Corundum, Synthesis and use for filtration membranes, catalysts, wear-resistant coatings and sensors
ACHEMA 2000 (Frankfurt, 22.-27.05.2000), DECHEMA, Frankfurt, Extended Abstracts / Chem. Eng. and Reaction Technol., 126-128

A. Krell, H. Ma
Nanocorundum - Advanced Synthesis and Processing
NanoStructured Mater. 11 (1999) 8, 1141-1153

A. Krell, H.-W. Ma, H. Exner, A.-M. Nagel, M. Nieher
Laser sintering of sub-µm corundum coatings on steel (Lasersintern von Korund-Beschichtungen auf Stahl - in German)
Wiss. Zeitschrift der Hochschule Mittweida (2000) 14, 3-10

A. Krell, H. Ma, F. Buse
Development of selective Al₂O₃ filter ceramics with high permeability (Entwicklung selektiver, hochpermeabler Al₂O₃-Filterkeramik - in German)
Keram. Z. 53 (2001) 9, 792-796

A. Krell, H. Ma, F. Buse
New Al₂O₃ Membranes and Catalyst Substrates: Nanoporous Alumina and Corundum for Ultra- and Microfiltration
pp. 1931-1943 in: Proc. 7th Conf. Europ. Ceram. Soc. (Brugge/Belgien, 9.-13. Sept. 2001), Key Eng. Mater. 206-213 (2002) 3, Trans Tech Publications, Zuerich (Switzerland), 2002

A. Krell, H. Ma
Performance of Alumina Membranes from New Nanosynthesis in Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 (2003) 2, 241-246

A. Krell, H. Klemm, T. Hutzler, A. Bales
Approach to the Fabrication of Oxide/Oxide Single-Crystalline-Fiber Composites From Polycrystalline Fiber Bundles
pp. 155-160 in: M. Singh, R.J. Kerans, E. Lara-Curzio, R. Naslain (eds.), Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites (Seattle/USA, Sept. 12-16, 2004), The American Ceramic Society, Westerville (OH), 2004

Dense Sintered Alumina Ceramics for Compact (opaque) Components

A. Krell, D. Schulze
<1210>-zone fracture anisotropy of sapphire
phys.stat.sol. (a) 52 (1979) K45

A. Krell, D. Schulze
Microstructure dependence of the brittle fracture of alumina
phys.stat.sol. (a) 55 (1979) 537

A. Krell, D. Schulze
Alumina structure with improved fracture properties
phys.stat.sol. (a) 63 (1981) 183

A. Krell, D. Schulze
Sintering of alumina with heterogeneous microstructure for improved fracture properties (in German)
7. Int. Pulvermetall. Tagung, Dresden 1981, Vol.3, 103

A. Krell, D. Schulze
Quantitative analysis of grain size distributions in sintered alumina (in German)
Silikattechnik 36 (1985) 357

A. Krell, D. Schulze
Quantitative assessment of microcrack structures in sintered alumina (in German)
Silikattechnik 36 (1985) 395

A. Krell, J. Seidel
High-strength Al₂O₃through controlled grain-boundary structures (in German)
Fortschrittsber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 9 (1994) 138

A. Krell
Grain size dependence of hardness in dense submicron alumina
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 4, 1118-1120.

A. Krell, P. Blank
Sintered alumina - hard and strong like hot-pressed Al₂O₃/TiC-composites
S. 507 - 511 in: H. Hausner, G.L. Messing, S. Hirano (eds.), Ceramic Processing Science and Technogy (Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 51), The Am. Ceram. Soc., Westerville (OH), 1995

A. Krell
Progress in advanced alumina ceramics (in German)
Chapter 4.2.1.0. in: J. Kriegesmann (ed.), "Technische Keramische Werkstoffe", 28th Suppl. (July 1995), Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst, Köln 1995.

A. Krell, D. Klaffke
Hierarchy of micromechanical influences on friction and wear of submicron alumina and zirconia ceramics
pp. 39-46 in: S. Meriani, V. Sergo (eds.), 4th Euro Ceramics (Proc. 4 Euroceramics, Riccione (Italy), October 2-6 1995), Vol.3, Faenza Editrice, Faenza, 1995.

A. Krell, P. Blank, E. Wagner, G. Bartels
Advances in the grinding efficiency of sintered alumina abrasives
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 (1996) 3, 763-769.

A. Krell, P. Blank
The influence of shaping method on the grain size dependence of strength in dense submicrometre alumina
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 16 (1996) 11, 1189-1200.

A. Krell
Fracture origin and strength in advanced pressureless-sintered alumina
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998) 7, 1900-1906.

A. Krell, P. Blank
Pressure filtration and gelcasting as approaches to produce ceramics with a low concentration of defects compared with powder pressing (in German)
(1) Fortschrittsber. der Deutschen Keramischen Gesellschaft 12(1997)2, 171-180 [Symposium on the Shaping from Ceramic Suspensions, Bayreuth, 2.-4.12.96]
(2) Chapter 3.4.2.2. in: J. Kriegesmann (ed.), "Technische Keramische Werkstoffe", 49th Suppl. (Jan. 1999), Deutscher Wirtschaftsdienst, Köln 1999

A. Krell, P. Obenaus
Grain shape in sintered submicrometre alumina
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 16 (1998) 1, 1-13.

A. Krell
Increasing the power of grinding grits (in German)
Technica 47 (1998) 10, 30-34.

A. Krell, P. Blank, L.-M. Berger, V. Richter
Continuous and discontinuous machining of hardened steel and hard cast iron using submicrometer ceramics on the basis of Al₂O₃p. 125-136 in: E. Kuljanic (ed.), Proc, 5th Int. Conf. on Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Technology (AMST'99, Udine / Italy 3-4 June 1999), Springer, Wien, 1999.

A. Krell, P. Blank, L.-M. Berger, V. Richter
Submicrometer Cutting Tools on the Basis of Al₂O₃ for Machining Alloyed Hard Cast Iron and Hardened Steel
pp. 435-442 in: E. Ustundag, G. Fischman (eds.), Proc. 23rd Annual Cocoa Beach Conf. on Composites, Advanced Ceramics, Materials, and Structures, Vol. B (Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc. 20 (1999) 4 ), The Am. Ceram. Society, Westerville (OH), 1999.

E. Strassburger, H. Senf, H. Rothenhäusler, B. Lexow, A. Krell
Influence of grain size and microstructure on the ballistic resistance of alumina
p. 1216 - 1223 in: Proc. 18th Int. Symp. on Ballistics (San Antonio, TX, 15-19 Nov. 1999), Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster/PA, 1999.

A. Krell, W. Burger
Subcritical crack aging in sub-µm Al₂O₃ bioceramics
Materials Week 2000, http://materialsweek.org

A. Krell, S. Schädlich
Nanoindentation hardness of submicrometer alumina ceramics
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 307 (2001)1/2, 172-181.

A. Krell, E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf, W. Burger
Subcritical crack growth in Al₂O₃ with submicron grain size
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 23 (2003) 1, 81-89.

A. Krell, P. Blank, H. Ma, T. Hutzler, M. van Bruggen, R. Apetz
Transparent Sintered Corundum with High Hardness and Strength
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 (2003) 1, 12-18.

A. Krell, P. Blank, H.-W. Ma, T. Hutzler, M. Nebelung
Processing of High-Density Submicrometer Al₂O₃ for New Applications
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 (2003) 4, 546-553.

A. Krell, G. Baur, C. Daehne
Transparent sintered sub-µm Al₂O₃ with IR transmissivity equal to sapphire
pp. 199-207 in: R.W. Tustison (ed.), Window and Dome Technologies VIII, Proceedings of SPIE conference (Orlando, FL/USA, April 22-23, 2003), Vol. 5078, SPIE, Washington, 2003.

A. Krell, M. van Bruggen
Comments on “Spark Plasma Sintering of Ceramics”
Bull. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 2 (2004) 1, 35.

Transparent Ceramics

A. Krell, H.-W. Ma
Sintering Transparent and Other Sub-µm Alumina: The Right Powder
cfi / Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 80 (2003) 4, E41-E45

A. Krell, P. Blank, H. Ma, T. Hutzler, M. van Bruggen, R. Apetz
Transparent Sintered Corundum with High Hardness and Strength
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 86 (2003) 1, 12-18.

A. Krell, G. Baur, C. Daehne
Transparent sintered sub-µm Al₂O₃ with IR transmissivity equal to sapphire
pp. 100-207 in: R.W. Tustison (ed.), Window and Dome Technologies VIII, Proceedings of SPIE conference (Orlando, FL/USA, April 22-23, 2003), Vol. 5078, SPIE, Washington, 2003.

A. Krell, M. van Bruggen
Comments on “Spark Plasma Sintering of Ceramics”
Bull. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 2 (2004) 1, 35.

A. Krell
Transparent sintered sub-µm Al₂O₃ for Armor and IR Application
EUCLID CEPA3 Workshop on Nanomaterials - Session "Novel Smart Materials for Structural Applications", Lissabon, 25. Feb. 2004.

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Physics and technology of transparent ceramic armor: Sintered Al₂O₃ vs cubic materials
NATO Research and Technology Organization (RTO), Applied Vehicle Technological Panel (AVT): Specialists Meeting on "Nanomaterials Technology for Military Vehicle Structural Applications", Granada, Spain, Oct. 3-4 2005.

A. Krell, J. Klimke
Effect of the Homogeneity of Particle Coordination on Solid-State Sintering of Transparent Alumina
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89 (2006) 6, 1985-1992.

A. Krell, J. Klimke, T. Hutzler
Transparente Keramiken für strukturelle Anwendungen
Chapter 8.6.2 (p. 1-50) in: J. Kriegesmann (ed.), Technische Keramische Werkstoffe, HvB Verlag, Etterau, 2006.

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Transparent Ceramics for Structural Applications:
Part 1: Physics of Light Transmission and Technological Consequences / Part 2: Fields of Applications
cfi/Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 84 (2007) 4, E41-E50 and 6, E50-E56.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Ballistic Strength of Opaque and Transparent Armor
Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 86(2007)4, 9201-9206.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Hierarchy of key influences on the ballistic strength of opaque and transparent armor
Ceram. Eng. & Science Proc. 28(2007)5, 45-55.
(=L. Prokurat Franks (ed.), Proc. 31st Int. Conf. On Advanced Ceramics & Composites: Advances in Ceramic Armor III, Daytona Beach, Jan. 21-26 2007, The Am. Ceram. Soc. and Wiley, Hoboken, 2007)

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Transmission physics and consequences for materials selection, manufacturing, and applications
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 29 (2009) 2, 207-221.

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Advanced spinel and sub-µm Al₂O₃ for transparent armour applications
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 29 (2009) 2, 275-281.

A. Krell, J. Klimke, T. Hutzler
Materials for Transparent Ceramics: Physical Issues and Technological Solutions
p. 27-38 in: A. Bellosi, G.N. Babini (eds.), Proc. 2^nd Int. Congress on Ceramics (Verona, June 29-July4 2008), ISTEC-CNR, Faenze (Italy), 2008.

A. Krell, J. Klimke, T. Hutzler
Transparent compact ceramics: Inherent physical issues
Optical Mater. 31 (2009) 8, 1144-1150.

K. Wätzig, T. Hutzler A. Krell
Transparent Spinel by Reactive Sintering of Different Alumina Modifications with MgO
cfi / Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges 86 (2009) 6, E47-E49.

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke, A. Potthoff
Fine-Grained Transparent Spinel Windows by the Processing of Different Nanopowders
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93 (2010) 9, 2656-2666.

A. Krell, A. Bales
Grain Size-Dependent Hardness of Transparent Magnesium Aluminate Spinel
Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8 (2011) 5, 1108–1114.

J. Klimke, M. Trunec, A. Krell
Transparent Tetragonal Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics: Influence of Scattering Caused by Birefringence
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 (2011) 6, 1850-1858.

A. Krell, K. Waetzig, J. Klimke
Effects and elimination of nanoporosity in transparent sintered spinel (MgAl₂O₄)
p. 801602 1-10 in: R.W. Tustison (ed.), Proc. of SPIE, Vol. 8016 (Defense, security+Sensing: Window and Dome Technologies and Materials XII, Orlando, April 25-29, 2011), SPIE, Bellingham (USA), 2011.

A. Krell, K. Waetzig, J. Klimke
Influence of the structure of MgO·nAl₂O₃ spinel lattices on transparent ceramics processing and properties
(a) Proc. 12^th Conf. of the Europ. Ceram. Soc., Stockholm, Sweden, June 19-23, 2011.
(b) extended version:
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 32 (2012) 11, 2887-2898.

A. Krell, E. Brendler
Influences of Cation Disorder in Commercial Spinel Powders Studied by ²⁷Al MAS NMR on the Sintering of Transparent MgAl₂O₄ Ceramics
J. Ceram. Sci. Technol. 4 (2013) 2, 51-57

A. Mannschatz, A. Müller-Köhn, T. Moritz, J. Klimke, A. Krell, A. Michaelis
Powder Injection Molding of Submicron Grained Translucent Alumina
cfi/Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 90 (2013) 8/9, E39-E43.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Single and Polycrystalline Transparent Ceramic Armor With Different Crystal Structure
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 (2013) 9, 2718-2721.

A. Krell, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Defect strategies for an improved optical quality of transparent ceramics
Optical Mater. 38 (2014) 1, 61-74.

A. Krell
Comment on "High-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) of transparent polycrystalline magnesium aluminate spinel (PMAS)" by M. Sokol, S. Kalabukhov, M. P. Dariel, N. Frage [J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34 (2014) 4305]
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 35 (2015) 8, 2433-2435

Transformation toughening: ZrO₂toughened Alumina (ZTA) and Ceramics on the Basis of ZrO₂

A. Krell, P. Blank, T. Weiss
Influence of microcracking and homogeneity on the mechanical behaviour of Al₂O₃+ ZrO₂ ceramics
J. Mater. Sci. 22 (1987) 3304

A. Krell, P. Blank
On abrasive wear of zirconia-toughened aluminas
Wear 124 (1988) 327

A. Krell
Proof testing zirconia toughened alumina
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 104 (1988) L1

A. Krell, P. Blank, K. Lippmann, T. Weiß
ZrO₂ toughened Al₂O₃ ceramics: Advanced engineering materials for many applications (in German)
Silikattechnik 41 (1990) 90

A. Krell, G.A. Gogotsi, Ya.L. Grushevsky, T. Reich, A. Beger
The effect of SiO₂ on high-temperature deformation and strength of zirconia toughened alumina
J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 4637

D. Schneider, A. Krell, T. Weiss, Th. Reich
Investigation of creep in (Al₂O₃+ZrO₂) ceramics by ultrasonic surface waves
Acta metall. mater. 40 (1992) 971

A. Krell, T. Kosmac
The role of powder homogenization techniques in fabrication of zirconia toughened alumina
powder metall. int. 25 (1993) 229

A. Krell
Features of notch preparation for fracture toughness measurements in partially stabilized zirconia
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76 (1994) 2, 600-602

M. Herrmann, B. Seipel, J. Schilm, K.G. Nickel, G. Michael, A. Krell
Hydrothermal corrosion of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) at 200 °C
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 25(2005)10, 1805-1812.

J. Klimke, M. Trunec, A. Krell
Transparent Tetragonal Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Ceramics: Influence of Scattering Caused by Birefringence
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 (2011) 6, 1850-1858.

Carbide Reinforced Oxide Ceramics

A. Krell, W. Heinrich, P. Blank, E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf, T. Weiss
Al₂O₃ /TiC-ceramics by activated sintering
9. Int. Pulvermetall. Tagung, Dresden 1989, Bd.3, 241

A. Krell, P. Blank
TiC-strengthened Al₂O₃by powder tailoring and doping procedures
Mater. Sci. Eng. A161 (1993) 295

A. Krell, P. Blank
Mechanical behaviour of reinforced Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ ceramics with high TiC concentration
DGM-Symposium "Mechanische Eigenschaften keramischer Konstruktionswerkstoffe", Karlsruhe 15.-16.9.1992

A. Krell, P. Blank
Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ composites with high TiC contents fabricated by tailoring oxide powders
pp. 485-495 in: N.P. Bansal (Hrsg.), Advances in Ceramic Matrix Composites (Ceramic Transactions Vol.38), The Amer. Ceram. Soc., Westerville (Ohio) 1993.

A. Krell, P. Blank, E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf
Sintering ZrO₂/TiC composites with TiH₂: The role of transient liquid phase and of substoichiometry
J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 10, 2641-2647

A. Krell, P. Blank
The different roles of substoichiometry and transient liquid phase on sintering of ZrO₂/TiC with TiH₂pp. 1765-1772 in: P. Vincenzini (ed.), Proc. 8th Cimtec World Ceramics Congress 1994, Vol.3C, Techna Srl, Faenza, 1995

M. Herrmann, A. Krell, J. Adler, G. Wötting, T. Hollstein, W. Pfeifer, M. Rombach
Ceramic ball bearings for appliaction in corrosive media (in German)
VDI-Berichte (1997)1331, 251.

A. Krell, L.-M. Berger, P. Blank
Submicrometer Al₂O₃/Ti(C,O,N) composites for tool applications
pp. 139-146 in: D. Bray (ed.), Proc. 22nd Annual Cocoa Beach Conference, Vol. B (= Ceramic Eng. & Science Proc. 19 (1998)3, 139-146) , The American Ceramic Society, Westerville (OH), 1998.

L.-M. Berger, A. Krell, P. Blank, W. Gruner, H. Preiss
Synthesis and Application of Cubic Ti(C,O,N) Phases
pp. 55-64 in: Proc. Europ. Conf. on Advances in Hard Materials Production, Turin (Italy), Nov. 8-10 1999.

Hardness: Measuring Methods

A. Krell
Vickers hardness and microfracture of single and polycrystalline Al₂O₃Kristall und Technik 15 (1980) 1467.

H.-J. Weiss, A. Krell, B. Müller
Comparison of Vickers hardness numbers VH and LVH in the case of alumina and doped sapphire
phys.stat.sol. (a) 93 (1986) 509.

A. Krell, O.V. Bakun
High-temperature hardness of Al₂O₃-base ceramics
Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 7, 1315-1319

A. Krell
Load Dependence of Hardness and Indentation Toughness in Sintered Submicron Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1995) 5, 1417-1419

A. Krell
A new look at grain size and load effects in the hardness of ceramics
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 245 (1998) 2, 277-284

A. Krell
The effects of load, grain size, and grain boundaries on the hardness of alumina
pp. 159-168 in: D. Bray (ed.), Proc. 22nd Annual Cocoa Beach Conference, Vol. A, The American Ceramic Society, Westerville (OH), 1998

A. Krell
A new look at the influences of load, grain size, and grain boundaries on the room temperaturte hardness of ceramics
Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mater. 16 (1998) 4-6, 331-335

A. Krell, S. Schädlich
Nanoindentation hardness of submicrometer alumina ceramics
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 307 (2001) 1/2, 172-181

A. Krell, S. Schädlich
Depth sensing hardness in sapphire and in sintered sub-µm alumina
Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mater. 19 (2001) 4-6, 237-243

A. Krell, A. Bales
Grain Size-Dependent Hardness of Transparent Magnesium Aluminate Spinel
Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol. 8 (2011) 5, 1108–1114

A. Krell
Comment on "High-pressure spark plasma sintering (SPS) of transparent polycrystalline magnesium alumi¬nate spinel(PMAS)" by M. Sokol, S. Kalabukhov, M. P. Dariel, N. Frage [J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 34 (2014) 4305]
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 35 (2015) 8, 2433-2435

Surfaces, Wear, Technical Performance of Ceramics for Tools and Ballistic Protection

A. Krell, K. Lippmann
Response of polycrystalline Al₂O₃ to diamond grinding
Wear 97 (1984) 203

A. Krell, P. Blank
On abrasive wear of zirconia-toughened aluminas
Wear 124 (1988) 327

B. Müller, A. Krell, A. Beger, A. Mucha
Improved wear resistance of Al₂O₃ ceramics by annealing in ZrO₂powder (in German)
Schmierungstechnik 19 (1988) 374

D. Schneider, A. Krell, T. Weiss, Th. Reich
Investigation of creep in Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ ceramics by ultrasonic surface waves
Acta metall. mater. 40 (1992) 971

A. Krell, P. Blank, E. Wagner, G. Bartels
Advances in the grinding efficiency of sintered alumina abrasives
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 (1996) 3, 763-769

A. Krell, D. Klaffke
Effect of grain size and humidity on fretting wear in fine grained alumina, Al₂O₃ /TiC, and Zirconia
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79 (1996) 5, 1139-1146.

A. Krell
Improved hardness and hierarchic influences on wear in submicron sintered alumina
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 209 (1996) 1/2, 156-163

A. Krell
Fracture origin and strength in advanced pressureless-sintered alumina
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81 (1998) 7, 1900-1906.

A. Krell
Advances in the machining of metals by submicrometre ceramics (in German)
S. 57 - 76 in: R. Ruthardt (Hrsg.), Hartstoffe, Hartstoffschichten, Werkzeuge, Verschleißschutz (Hagener Symposium Pulvermetallurgie, 13.-14.11.1997), Werkstoff-Informations- gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 1997.

A. Krell, V. Richter
Hartbearbeitung mit Submikro-Al₂O₃-Schneidkeramiken (Hard machining with submicrometre alumina tool ceramics)
VDI-Z / Special Werkzeuge (1999) 3, 50-53

C. Schubert, A. Krell, V. Richter
Feinstkorngefüge erhöhter Belastbarkeit moderner Werkzeugwerkstoffe
Maschinenmarkt 105 (1999) 12, 62-65

A. Krell, P. Blank, L.-M. Berger, V. Richter
Sub-Micrometer Alumina Cutting Ceramics for Continuous and Discontinuous Machining of Hard Materials
cfi/Ber. Dt. Keram. Ges. 76 (1999) 4, 23-29.

A. Krell, P. Blank, L.-M. Berger, V. Richter
Alumina Tools for Machining Chilled Cast Iron, Hardened Steel
Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78 (1999) 12, 65-73.

A. Krell, P. Blank, L.-M. Berger, V. Richter
New ceramic excellence for complex machining of engine materials
p. 405-410 in: J.G. Heinrich, F. Aldinger (eds.), Proc. 7th Int. Symp. Ceramic Materials and Components for Engines (Goslar/Germany, June 19-21 2000), Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
High-Purity Submicron Al₂O₃ Armor Ceramics: Design, Manufacture, and Ballistic Performance
p. 463 - 471 in: J. McCauley, A. Rajendran. W. Gooch, S. Bless, S. Wax, and A. Crowson (eds.), Ceramic Armor Materials by Design (Ceramic Transactions, Vol. 134), Proc. PAC RIM IV - Ceramic Armor Symposium (Wailea, Maui, HI, 4-8 Nov. 2001), The Am. Cera. Soc., Westerville, OH/USA, 2002.

A. Krell, S. Schädlich
Depth sensing hardness in sapphire and in sintered sub-µm alumina
Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mater. 19 (2001) 4-6, 237-243

H.-W. Hoffmeister, P. Gogolewski, A. Krell, J. Klimke
Neue Keramiken auf dem Vormarsch - Einsatz von Schneidkeramiken zum Fräsen von Holzwerkstoffen (Cutting blades of sub-µm alumina for shaping wood-based materials)
Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mater. 19 (2001) 4-6, 237-243

M. Herrmann, B. Seipel, J. Schilm, K.G. Nickel, G. Michael, A. Krell
Hydrothermal corrosion of zirconia-toughened alumina (ZTA) at 200 °C
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 25(2005)10, 1805-1812.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Ballistic Strength of Opaque and Transparent Armor
Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. 86(2007)4, 9201-9206.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Hierarchy of key influences on the ballistic strength of opaque and transparent armor
Ceram. Eng. & Science Proc. 28(2007)5, 45-55.

P. Beer, P. Gogolewski, A. Krell, J. Klimke
Tribological Behaviour of Sub-micron Cutting-ceramics in Contact with Wood-based Materials
Tribology Lett. 27 (2007) 2, 155-158.

P. Gogolewski, A. Krell, J. Klimke, P. Beer
Al₂O₃ tools towards effective machining of wood based materials
J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209 (2009) 5, 2231-2236.

E. Strassburger, M. Hunzinger, A. Krell
Fragmentation of Ceramics under Ballistic Impact
p. 1172-1179 in: Z. Wang, X. Zhang, Y. An (eds.), Proc. of the 25^th Int. Symposium on Ballistics (Beijing, China, May 17-21 2010), China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 2010.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Discrimination of Basic Influences on the Ballistic Strength of Opaque and Transparent Ceramics
Ceram. Eng. & Science Proc. 33 (2012) 5, 161-176.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Separation and Hierarchic Order of Key Influences on the Ballistic Strength of Opaque and Transparent Ceramic Armor
p. 1053-1064 in: M. Wickert, M. Salk (eds.), Proc. of the 27^th Int. Symposium on Ballistics (Freiburg, Germany, April 22-26 2013).

A. Krell, E. Strassburger, T. Hutzler, J. Klimke
Single and Polycrystalline Transparent Ceramic Armor With Different Crystal Structure
J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 96 (2013) 9, 2718-2721.

A. Krell, E. Strassburger
Order of influences on the ballistic resistance of armor ceramics and single crystals
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 597 (2014) 1, 422-430.

Grain Boundaries, Subcritical Crack Growth, Residual Stress Relaxation and Grain Boundary Damage

A. Krell, J. Woltersdorf, E. Pippel, D. Schulze
On grain boundary strength in sintered Al₂O₃Phil. Mag. A 51 (1985) 765

A. Krell, E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf
On crack-propagation related phenomena in Al₂O₃ + ZrO₂and Al₂O₃sintered in air and hydrogen
Phil. Mag. A 53 (1986) L11

A. Krell, G. Sickert
Effect of grain boundary strength and of subcritical crack growth on mechanical properties of single and polyphase alumina ceramics
8. Int. Pulvermetall. Tagung, Dresden 1985, Vol.3, 263

A. Krell, W. Pompe
The influence of subcritical crack growth on the strength of ceramics
Mater. Sci. Eng. 89 (1987) 161

A. Krell
Proof testing zirconia toughened alumina
Mater. Sci. Eng. A 104 (1988) L1

A. Krell, W. Pompe
Grain boundary microdamage due to visco-elastic relaxation of residual stresses in alumina ceramics
phys.stat.sol. (a) 111 (1989) 109

K. Lippmann, A. Krell
Rapid cooling of Al₂O₃ceramics (in German)
Sprechsaal 121 (1988) 268

O.N. Grigorjew, A. Krell, V.I. Trefilow
X-ray measurements of residual microstresses in single phase anisotropic ceramics materials (in Russian)
Zavodskaya Laboratoriya 56 (1990) 36

A. Krell, O.N. Grigorjew
Thermal-misfit residual microstresses and the influence of microporosity in alumina ceramics (in German)
Sprechsaal 123 (1990) 1012

A. Krell, P. Blank
Strength of Y-TZP related to grain boundary processes
pp. 909 -913 in: G. Ziegler, H. Hausner (eds.), Euro-Ceramics II (Proc. 2nd Europ. Ceram. Soc. Conference, Augsburg 1991), Vol. 2, Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft, Köln 1993.

A. Krell, P. Blank
Inherent reinforcement of ceramic microstructures by grain boundary engineering
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 9 (1992) 309

A. Krell
Grain boundary structure in reinforced ZrO₂ and Al₂O₃ ceramics - consequences for the mechanical behaviour (in German)
pp. 45-56 in: N. Claussen (ed.), Verstärkung keramischer Werkstoffe, DGM Informationsgesellschaft - Verlag, Oberursel, 1992

A. Krell
Strengthening grain boundaries for an improved strength in ceramic
materials (in German)
DFG-Kolloquium zum Schwerpunktprogramm "Keramische Hochleistungswerkstoffe", Bonn 24.-26.2.1993

A. Krell
Grain boundary relevant micromechanical investigations and microstructural observations in ZrO₂ ceramics
pp. 489 -494 in: P. Duran, J.F. Fernandez (eds.), Third Euro-Ceramics, Vol. 3, Faenza Editrice Iberica, San Vicente, 1993

A. Krell, A. Teresiak, D. Schläfer
Grain size dependent residual stresses in submicron Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 16 (1996) 8, 803-811

A. Krell, J. Seidel, N. Claussen
High strength ceramics on the basis of Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ by grain boundary engineering (in German)
pp. 223-232 in: G. Petzow, J. Tobolski, R. Telle (eds.), Hochleistungskeramiken (Proc. of the Final Meeting in the program "Advanced Engineering Ceramics" of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 17./18.02.1994, Stuttgart), VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim, 1996

A. Krell
A new look at the influences of load, grain size, and grain boundaries on the room temperaturte hardness of ceramics
Int. J. Refractory Metals & Hard Mater. 16 (1998) 4-6, 331-335

A. Krell, W. Burger
Subcritical crack aging in sub-µm Al₂O₃ bioceramics
Materials Week 2000, http://materialsweek.org

A. Krell, E. Pippel, J. Woltersdorf, W. Burger
Subcritical crack growth in Al₂O₃ with submicron grain size
J. Europ. Ceram. Soc. 23 (2003) 1, 81-89.

Fracture Processes: Investigations by Photon Emission, Acoustic Emission, Toughness Measurements

A. Krell
Fracture-induced photon emission of aluminium oxide and its application to fracture mechanical investigations
J. Mater. Sci. 17 (1982) 1649

A. Krell, W. Kreher
On subcritical crack growth in ceramics as influenced by grain size and energy-dissipative mechanisms
J. Mater. Sci. 18 (1983) 2311

A. Krell, G. Kirchhoff
Acoustic emission on macroscopic fracture of different Al₂O₃ structures
J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 4 (1985) 1524

A. Krell,
Features of notch preparation for fracture toughness measurements in partially stabilized zirconia
J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 77 (1994) 2, 600-602

High Temperature Behaviour of Ceramics Composites for High Temperature Applications

A. Krell, O.V. Bakun
High-temperature hardness of Al₂O₃-base ceramics
Acta Metall. 34 (1986) 7, 1315-1319

A. Krell, G.A. Gogotsi, Ya.L. Grushevsky, T. Reich, A. Beger
The effect of SiO₂ on high-temperature deformation and strength of zirconia toughened alumina
J. Mater. Sci. 26 (1991) 17, 4637-4642

D. Schneider, A. Krell, T. Weiss, Th. Reich
Investigation of creep in (Al₂O₃+ZrO₂) ceramics by ultrasonic surface waves
Acta metall. mater. 40 (1992) 5, 971-976

A. Krell
Cost-reducing substitution of sapphire in optical and power generating systems by sintered ceramics and composites (in German)
Wehrtechnisches Symposium "Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe" der Bundesakademie für Wehrverwaltung und Wehrtechnik, Erding, April 8-10, 2003 (proceedings on CD available).

Contributions to books (other than proceedings)

Bruchmechanische Werkstoffcharakterisierung
(Fracture Mechanical Characterization of Materials - in German)
Ed.: H. Blumenauer
Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig, 1991

Neue keramische Konstruktionswerkstoffe
(High Tech Ceramics for Mechanical Applications - in German)
Ed.: L. Michalowsky, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig und Stuttgart, 1994

contributions on:
Technological approaches for producing compact ceramic bodies with a low frequency and size of defects

Fundamentals of sintering processes in ceramics
Microstructural engineering for improved properties in technical applications
Important oxide engineering materials

Hard Materials
Ed.: R. Riedel, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000
contributions on:
Interrelations between the influences of indentation size, grain boundary deformation, grain size, and temperature on the hardness of ceramics
(pp. 183-201)

Ceramics based on alumina: Increasing the hardness for tool applications (pp. 648-682)

Technical Dictionary "Werkstofftechnik, Werkstoffprüfung", English-German / German-English
Ed.: P.-K. Budig
Edition Alexandre Hatier, Berlin und Paris, 1994